Utility-Scale Solar, 2025 Edition: Analysis of Empirical Plant-level Data from U.S. Ground-mounted PV, PV+battery, and CSP Plants (exceeding 5 MWAC)

Published by Lawrence Berkeley National Lab | Department of Energy | Metadata Last Checked: October 17, 2025 | Last Modified: 2025-10-17T14:48:27Z

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory compiled and synthesized empirical data on the U.S. utility-scale solar sector. Utility-scale solar is defined here to include ground-mounted systems larger than 5MW-AC. Smaller projects are covered in Berkeley Lab's separate U.S. Distributed Solar and Storage annual data update. The focus is on utility-scale solar projects, though the "Wholesale Market Value" sections often contain data inclusive of all utility-scale solar installations. Data sources are diverse but include data from the Energy Information Administration (EIA), the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), and state agencies. The latest update contains project-level data on 1,760 solar projects installed through 2024. The update includes the resulting data synthesis covering: (1) Deployment and Technology Trends (2) Capital Costs (CapEx) and Operation & Maintenance (O&M) Costs (3) Performance (Capacity Factors) (4) Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) Prices (5) Wholesale Market Value and Net Value (6) PV+Battery Hybrid Plants (Deployment, CapEx, LCOE, PPAs) (7) Concentrating Solar Thermal Power (CSP) Plants (8) Capacity in Interconnection Queues These data are made available in several formats, including a summary slide deck, a public data file with non-confidential data on 57 tabs and additional visualizations, and data visualizations.

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Complete Metadata

bureauCode	[ "019:20" ]
dataQuality	true
identifier	https://data.openei.org/submissions/8541
issued	2025-09-25T06:00:00Z
landingPage	https://data.openei.org/submissions/8541
programCode	[ "019:000", "019:008" ]
projectNumber	52940
projectTitle	Analysis of Solar Energy Markets 2.0
spatial	{"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[-167.7267,13.518],[-53.8316,13.518],[-53.8316,75.0714],[-167.7267,75.0714],[-167.7267,13.518]]]}