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Tsunami evacuation time map for American Samoa predicted maximum tsunami (PMT) inundation zone and slow run speed

Published by U.S. Geological Survey | Department of the Interior | Metadata Last Checked: July 18, 2025 | Last Modified: 20200830
The travel time map was generated using the Pedestrian Evacuation Analyst model (version 1.0.1 for ArcGIS 10.5) from the USGS (https://geography.wr.usgs.gov/science/vulnerability/tools.html). The travel time analysis uses ESRI's Path Distance tool to find the shortest distance across a cost surface from any point in the hazard zone to a safe zone. This cost analysis considers the direction of movement and assigns a higher cost to steeper slopes, based on a table contained within the model. The analysis also adds in the energy costs of crossing different types of land cover, assuming that less energy is expended walking along a road than walking across a sandy beach. To produce the time map, the evacuation surface output from the model is grouped into 1-minute increments for easier visualization. The times in the attribute table represent the estimated time to travel on foot to the nearest safe zone at the speed designated in the map title. The file name indicates whether the map is of the recreated tsunami inundation zone for the 2009 Mw 8.1 Samoa earthquake or a probable maximum tsunami (PMT) inundation zone for American Samoa and which travel speed was used in the modelling (slow walk, fast walk, slow run, or fast run). These data, in polygon shapefile format, are intended for use in GIS software applications. These data support the following publication: Wood, N.J., Jones, J.M., Yamazaki, Y., Cheung, K-F., Brown, J., Jones, J.L., and Abdollahian, N., 2018, Population vulnerability to tsunami hazards informed by previous and projected disasters—a case study of American Samoa: Natural Hazards, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-018-3493-7.

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