National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Bioerosion Monitoring Unit Data from BMUs deployed at coral reef sites in American Samoa from 2018-06-29 to 2023-08-15 (NCEI Accession 0300481)

Ocean Acidification (OA) is expected to reduce the calcification rates of marine organisms, yet we have little understanding of how OA will manifest within dynamic, real-world systems, nor how to accurately measure said manifestation. The term bioerosion refers to the biological destruction of hard structures, such as coral skeletons. On coral reefs, this process is the antithesis of coral calcification. If rates of bioerosion are higher than calcification, healthy reef habitats can erode into rubble and sand. The erosion rates provided in this data set were collected from bioerosion monitoring units (BMUs) retrieved at existing long-term monitoring sites during NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) led NCRMP missions around American Samoa. This archive package contains BMU data from permanent long-term monitoring sites in American Samoa that were analyzed at NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), as part of the NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP). BMUs are constructed from clean coral skeletons and left on the reef for a period of 3 years. BMUs are CT scanned for changes in density, volume and mass in which rates of bioerosion can be assessed using Amira analysis software (FEI). Annual erosion and accretion rates can be determined from these data in terms of loss of reef structure volume as well as mass in grams of calcium carbonate. Accretion rates given in this data set were determined by finding the volume of non-original carbonate material found on the external surface of the BMUs divided by the number of years the BMU was deployed on the reef. These rates can detect accretion signals when calcifying organisms, such as corals or algae, have grown on their exteriors. Rates of macroboring were determined by changes in the internal volume of the BMUs (e.g., that removed by bore holes) divided by the number of years the BMU was deployed on the reef. Macroboring can occur from eroders such as, clionaid sponges, annelids and other macroboring fauna. This field mission was cut short due to vessel issues so not all sites were visited from the Pacific remote island areas.