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Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2025 (ver. 1.0, April 2025)

Published by U.S. Geological Survey | Department of the Interior | Metadata Last Checked: September 05, 2025 | Last Modified: 20250522
These datasets provide early estimates of 2025 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and one native perennial grass species on a weekly basis from mid April to late June. Typically, the EAG estimates are publicly released within 7-13 days of the latest satellite observation used for that version. Each weekly release contains five fractional cover maps along with their corresponding confidence maps for: 1) a group of 16 species of EAGs, 2) Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); 3) Field brome (Bromus arvensis); 4) Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 5) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) data plots; Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); other relevant environmental, vegetation, remotely sensed, and geophysical drivers; and artificial intelligence/machine learning techniques. A total of 40,154 AIM plots from years 2016–2024 were used to train an ensemble of five-fold regression-tree models using a cross-validation approach (each observation was used as test data once and as training data four times) that developed all the fractional cover maps. The geographic coverage includes arid and semi-arid rangelands in the western U.S classified as shrubs or grassland/herbaceous by the 2023 Land Cover product from Annual National Land Cover Database (NLCD) CONUS Collection 1.0 at or below 2350-m elevation. Note: Maps of April 18th, 2025, were developed using satellite observation data no later than April 12. Releases: First Release: April 18, 2025 (ver. 1.0)

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