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Digital true-color photographs of bluffs and ground control points from unoccupied aerial system operations in Ludington, MI, July 11, 2019, and July 14, 2021

Published by U.S. Geological Survey | Department of the Interior | Metadata Last Checked: July 16, 2025 | Last Modified: 20221026
Images were collected using a remotely piloted unoccupied aerial system (UAS) over the bluffs of the eastern shore of Lake Michigan in Ludington, MI, a rural natural area to assess land changes. The digital imagery was collected with the internal camera of a DJI Phantom 3 PRO for 2019 data and DJI Phantom 4 PRO for 2021 data that was operated by the University of Toledo. The images cover an extent between north of Chauvez Rd. to the south and north of W. Bradshaw Rd. to the north. Images were collected to monitor active bluff erosion in the area. The images are presented here in zipped files grouped by type of collection, nadir and oblique and survey date. The images were collected in .jpg format with red, green, blue (RGB) information and include Exif default metadata with GPS date, time, latitude and longitude, and other fields. These files were used in structure-from-motion (SfM) processing to obtain georeferenced 3D data. The 2019 data were processed using seven ground control points (GCPs), and the 2021 data with ten GCPs. The GCPs are provided here as two comma separated value files (CSV) with four columns as follows: Label, X-Easting, Y-Northing, and Z-Elevation in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) zone 16N and orthometric heights in North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88), derived using geoid 12B.

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